Life is unfair Essay Example

Life is unfair Paper Dont you just miss those times as a child when we use to ask for something and get it straight away? The world was controlled by our fingertips. Well, thats what we believed in. But just that feeling of taking control was amazing. Right? Now its the complete opposite. We have to bend on our knees to get something- even that dont work. Reality is unfair. Isnt it? Although, when we got what we want, we would cherish it for the rest of our lives, like a child swimming in sweets and chocolates. That is when we see life in a different prospectus Our society is changing day by day, and making us forget the word respect which nowadays no one is able to find in their dictionary. When I walk outside, the people who use to say hi are now acting as though they have no idea who I am. Isnt that unfair? Me being who I am, I say Hi and in return I get a spit in my face like a scum. Life is just not how we expect it to be. Our environment is slowly turning into a trash can because there is no respect. Dont you think life is just unpredictable? Although, it doesnt always end up like this. I wake up every day with a smile on my face, ready to meet the people who make my day. We will write a custom essay sample on Life is unfair specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Life is unfair specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Life is unfair specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Isnt that just fantastic? Dont you sometimes get the feeling that life is just perfect? Why wouldnt it be? We make up our society, and bring the brightness upon the environment. I remember those moments of my childhood like a clear glass; running to the park just to meet my friends so we can go out to play. We was like a rugby team, we followed each others footstep from back to forth. Do you remember those moments? I bet you do because life was bright. Its always a classic when your friends go against you for no particular reasons. Oh wait, how could I forget? Gossip- its like the world is being covered by a cloth which no one is able to see the true side of life. Its that unfair? Well, when you get embarrassed and humiliated in front of the whole school because of a misunderstanding. Is that unfair? Yes it is. The environment is being isolated with darkness and unfairness. On the other hand, maybe our society is being seen in a wrong prospectus. We make life fair. Dont we? Have you ever been a victim of a crime? No? Have you ever got punished for a particular reason? No? Then why should we complain. Our life is made up of shiny silver which glows upon everyone. There is always that feeling when you do something for someone, but think whether they will do the same for you. Believe me they do! Every help and support I gave to them, I received the same even more. How does that feel? Amazing! In my opinion I believe life is fair. We make our society and bring the goodness upon all. When you experience a moment, you will always cherish it in our heart and realise that whatever happens- life is fair. What you give, you get, its true! I had so many experiences in my life that, when something negative appears I just think of those moments which changes my opinion about the life we live in.

African Americans in media Essays

African Americans in media Essays African Americans in media Essay African Americans in media Essay African Americans in media BY aman2525 Race and Mass Media Representation Race is a large part of American Society today, and the United States media plays a large factor in how people perceive African-American males and females both. There have been many surveys taken to see how people perceive the portrayals of African- Americans in the media, and these surveys do not always match up with the true statistics. These portrayals in media can directly affect the stereotypes people have on African-Americans, and these stereotypes can create racial differences that results n violence. African Americans are portrayed poorly in the mass media, and with early education on race and better representation in the media, these portrayals will no longer affect the stereotypes people have on African-Americans. There are many different reasons why the mass media representation of African Americans is poor in the United States. The mass media has separated the working class, and young African-American males are being stereotyped as drug dealers or gangsters. Mostly the media centers on the negative characteristics and actions of the African- American community. Characteristics and actions such as engaging in drug use, criminal activity, and welfare abuse (Sanders 20). This representation has affected African-American males ability to find future employment or promotions, and this can affect them for the rest of their lives. In Sanders online survey, 466 respondents were asked how African American males are generally portrayed in the media overall. Ninety-nine percent of the respondents stated they believe coverage in the media focused more heavily on topics that involve crime (Sanders 28). In addition, ninety-six ercent of the respondents believe that the media coverage is negative (Sanders 28). In a study done by Thomas Stevenson, media coverage was broken down into eight categories, and crime was the leading topic. Of the articles that included African- Americans, thirty-six percent of the articles center point was on crime (Stevenson 7). However, for television broadcast, sixty-four out of seventy-four stories that African American males were involved in focused on crime (Stevenson 7). These results go to show how much ones stereotype of another can be affected by the media. In reality, tatistics shows that there are more whites than African-Americans in prison, sixty percent to forty percent (Stevenson 12). This shows that the media portrayals are wrong and are affecting the stereotypes of African-American males strongly. African- American females are portrayed quite differently in mass media than males. They are portrayed as gold diggers, Jezebels, and baby mamas according to a survey with more than twelve hundred respondents done by Richard Prince. According to this survey, these were three different types of African-American females that are most ortrayed in the media. On the other side, there were six different descriptions of African-American females that there isnt enough portrayal of in the media. These being young phenoms, real beauties, individualists, community heroines, girls next door and modern matriarchs (Fujioka 58). Eighty-Five percent of respondents stated the media portrays African-American females as baby mamas. A baby mama is a term used to define an unmarried young woman who has had a child. In addition, only forty-one percent of the respondents stated that the media portrays African- Americans as real beauties (Fujioka 58). Again, eighty-five percent of respondents stated they feel the six descriptions above fit African-American females more than the baby mama, gold digger, or Jezebel descriptions. Most African-American women want to be looked at positively in the media, and want their children to grow up with positive images and role models. They should be able to turn on the television without worrying about the negativity that could possibly be said about their culture. These issues with mass media representation of African-Americans needs fixed, and t will not be easy. These issues with the portrayals of African-Americans in the media, and how it affects the stereotypes of African-Americans can be fixed. However, the fix can take a long time to take place. The first action that can be taken to help the problem is teaching equality among races, in this case African-Americans, early in childhood. If this is taught at a young age, then there would be less hate among races. With this less hate, there would be much less negative stereotypes in the media. In addition, with less negative stereotypes in the media, there would be less iolence as well. This less violence would also decrease negative stereotypes in the media. The second action that needs to take place is the media needs to do better at representing African-Americans. The media needs to present them for who they really are, instead of presenting only the negative aspects. This will all take time and effort, however if done, it will have a positive influence on American Society. Again, African-Americans are portrayed in mass media very negatively in the United States, and this directly influences the stereotypes on African-Americans. Not only do other races see this negativity towards African-Americans in the media, but African- Americans see this portrayal as well. This portrayal has a negative effect on society by causing more violence in the streets, and the media giving the wrong interpretation of African-Americans. However, with much effort and time, these stereotypes can become more positive and the media can portray African-Americans for who they really are. Fujioka, Yiki. Television portrayals and African-American stereotypes: Examination of television effects when direct contact is lacking. Journalism Mass Communication Quarterly 76. 1 (1999): 52-75. Print. Sanders, Meghan S. An Examination Of African Americans Stereotyped Perceptions of Fictional Media Characters. Howard Journal Of Communitcations 23. 1 (2012): 17- 39. Business Source Complete. Web. 18 Nov. 2013 Stevenson, Thomas H. A Six-Decade Study Of The Portrayal Of African Americans In Business Print Media: Trailing, Mirroring, Or Shaping Social Change?. Journal Of Current Issues Research In Advertising (CTC Press) 29. 1 (2007): 1-14. Business source complete. web. 25 NOV. 2013.

The Impact of the Internet on Fashion Journalism Essay

The Impact of the Internet on Fashion Journalism - Essay Example The paper "The Impact of the Internet on Fashion Journalism" discovers the influence of the internet on the fashion journalism. The writings that can be found through the internet have turned the fashion world into a more accessible and more clearly interpreted field of personal expression. The history of fashion journalism began in the middle of the 19th century when the income of the middle class became distinctly higher and disposable income allowed for more attention to fashion trend issues beyond the practicality of garments. Since that time, however, controversy has been a constant companion to the fashion industry. The growth of the internet has now created a new phase in the creation of fashion commentary. The identity of the fashion industry has shifted with the instantaneous creation of communications about the events in fashion that happen around the world. Adding a new dimension to this level of communication is that of the fashion bloggers who report from a non-financial ly founded principle who can comment without bias on the trends that come out of the fashion industry. McRobbie quotes Bourdieu in saying that it is implied that â€Å"if it can be shown that there is really nothing special about fashion, and that more or less anybody can do it, then it ceases to occupy that special, sacred place in the public’s estimation, and thus in a sense it ceases to exist, as it is this system of belief which creates the thing†. The existence of a thriving fashion industry is balanced upon.

Gun Control is Not the Ticket to Peace Assignment

Gun Control is Not the Ticket to Peace - Assignment Example In this respect, the effectiveness of the gun control laws will be the deterrent of the incidences of shootings, but not stopping such incidences from occurring altogether (Griffith, n.p.). The logic behind this observation is that; the increase in the incidences of shootings is not caused by the highest number of licensed guns that the government has issued to the civilians. In fact, if we would like to be candid with ourselves, we would then agree that virtually all the incidences of public shootings are as a result of guns that are acquired illegally (Smith, n.p.). Consequently, the establishment of gun control laws may help to instil fear on the legal gun holders not to shoot at others, but such efforts will have no effects on the criminals and social deviants who rule and operate the black markets. Further, it is also essential to pose and reflect for a moment on the major reasons why those people who shoot at the public do so. Is it because they have acquired a licensed gun and are trying to test its efficiency? Is it because they have been licensed to hold a gun and they want the rest of the public to realize that they are legal gun holders who can now shoot at anyone, anywhere and at any time? Or is it because such people are feeling that their security is highly threatened by the innocent schoolchildren and so they enter the school premises, draw their guns and shoot at them? The reality attests to none of the above. Thus, the core of the problem does not lie in the possession of a gun; legal or illegal, but in the state of the mind of the gun holder (Pacharis, n.p.). In this respect, if we are to address the problem of people shooting at innocent children and other unarmed members of the public, then we have to think in direction of treating the core of the problem of the attackers, which is their mental health. The tragedy of mass murder is not committed by individuals who are sane, but mostly by just a small section of the society that has a mental health problem.  Ã‚  

Public Relations as Relationships Management Essay

Public Relations as Relationships Management - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the public relations domain is associated with the processes of communicating and exchanging of ideas related to change in order to handle the argument and facilitate policy-making initiatives. As a result, the public relations personnel look for entering into relationship with the public with the objective of motivating them to work in collaboration with their organization for the mutual interests of society and organization. Although the discipline of PR appears to be newer one in theory, yet it has been in vogue practically in all social sectors since the establishment of first state on the face of the earth. Theories have been articulated and researches have been conducted in order to determine the nature, scope and principles for the discipline. US Public Relations Society defines several components of PR, which include counseling, research, media relations, publicity, employees & community relations, public affairs, financial issue s, communication and much more. Thus, PR contains vastness in its nature and scope, and encompasses all social, political, financial and religious institutions in its wide scope. It is therefore the PR personnel contain heavy responsibilities to perform while rendering their services to the public at large. Public relations function using various types of technology and media, which makes it extremely critical from ethics and image perspective. Public relations, according to Wilcox & Cameron, are involved in providing information to the media and have the responsibility of accurate dissemination of information as well as the ability to convince the audience of the messages. Public relations are expected to function in an ethical and professional manner. b. Ethics and Professionalism: Like all other professions, PR sector has also determined specific set of ethics for the appropriate functioning of the people associated with it. Persuasion as a function of public relations is highly debated from ethical standpoint. As a consequence, ‘ethics’ in public relations are classified into three types, absolute, existential and situational. In public relations, any communication that is formal and professional is believed to be legal, ethical and in good taste; however, it must be inadequate manner and for the public interest only. As developing personal contacts come under the definition of personal relationship, which could be against public interest due to the very reality that it may cause the promotion and projection of favoritism and nepotism in the wake of it. A multi-perspective view of professionalism by various researchers and scholars only proves that professionalism actually helps communication-oriented profession to conduct its work in a logical and systematic fashion that will be unquestioned, at large.

Importance of Exercise for the Elderly: Literature Review

Importance of Exercise for the Elderly: Literature Review Sports studies with business Chapter 1 Introduction The importance of physical activity and physical fitness in terms of â€Å"†¦ health and longevity †¦Ã¢â‚¬  have been linked since the â€Å"†¦ earliest records of organized exercise used in health promotion †¦ (which were) †¦ found in China around 2500 B.C†¦.† (Hardman et al, 2003, p. 3). Hippocrates, who is â€Å"†¦ often called the Father of Modern Medicine, wrote †¦Ã¢â‚¬ : â€Å"†¦ all parts of the body which have a function, if used in moderation and exercised in labours in which each is accustomed, become thereby healthy, well-developed and age more slowly, but if unused and left idle they become liable to disease, defective in growth and age quickly† (Hardman et al, 2003, p. 3). The link between exercise and health has been a long established fact in medicine that also traces back to â€Å"Cicero in 44 BC (who was himself echoing Aristotle) †¦Ã¢â‚¬  who believed that health as one ages is improved by having a good diet along with exercise and mental stimulation (Harlow, 2006). In fact, Cicero â€Å"†¦ saw old age as something yet to happen to him †¦Ã¢â‚¬  when he was in his sixties and writing his treatise in an period when less than â€Å"†¦ seven percent of the population reached sixty† (Harlow, 2006). The preceding three factors of diet, exercise and mental stimulation as mentioned by Cicero are ingredients that are present in when one participates in sports. The subject of elderly participation in sporting activities in the United Kingdom represents one of considerable importance as the percentage of older adults increases in proportion to the UK’s total population. This examination shall seek to equate the participation rates for sports in the United Kingdom, delving into how, and if social class represents a contributing factor concerning the potential of this group participating in sporting activities in later life. The prospect of sport participation in later life shall also be undertaken along with whether social class enters into this facet as well concerning participation rates. The importance of age is impacting the population in the United Kingdom whereby the number of people over the age of 65 has increased to 16 percent, with the age group 85 and older comprising 12 percent of the total population (National Statistics, 2007). The significance of the foregoing is that people are living longer as a result of better nutrition, health care, and living conditions as well as life styles (Quanten, 2004). Interestingly, Quanten (2004) makes the observation that medical science has determined that our basis for calculating the longevity of ancient civilizations is faulty in that the technique utilized in estimating age was based upon bone density. The bone samples generally belonged to middle aged men and women, thus the formula utilized to determine age was based upon the weakening of said density which was slower then than it is now (Quanten, 2004). Thus it was found that the estimation of age has been seriously under represented, putting the average life span of early man in the range of somewhere between 80 and 100 years, meaning that in modern terms civilization has lost ground in aging as opposed to gaining, as was the consensus of thought (Quanten, 2004). Evidence supporting the preceding in today’s world can be found in the fact that there are many examples of individuals living to 120 to 130 years, with the vast majority of them living in extreme conditions where a high degree of physical labour is required for survival, as represented by jungles untouched by modern society, and harsh climates as found in Northern Russia (Quanten, 2004). The common fact linking the ancient study and present day examples of individuals living 120 to 130 years is that their environments were and are more physical in their demands, with the lifestyles requiring more exercise. Kligman and Pepin (1992, pp. 33-34, 37-44. 47), the American College of Sports Medicine (1998, pp. 992-1008), Dishman (1994, pp. 1087-1094) and Nelson et al (1991, pp. 1304-1311) along with numerous other sources all attest to the benefits of exercise in early life as well as throughout life as beneficial in staving off disease as well as prolonging life. Studies as undertaking by Shepard (1993, pp. 61-64) and, Paffenbarger et al (1989, pp. 605-613) for example, cite incidences in Finland as well as Harvard University in the United States where those who consistently exercised lived on average 2 to 3 years longer that their more sedentary counterparts. The foregoing brief examples and analysis of age and exercise has been conducted to provide an initial foundation for understanding the framework of this examination which shall delve into elderly sports participation rates in the United Kingdom. The topic of this study is to attempt to determine, if possible, how social class affects the likelihood of doing sporting activities in later life, with its aim to see if social class does have an influence on people taking/carrying on sporting activity in this context. In conducting this examination, the foregoing also seek to compare individuals in the age group representing 55 years of age and above who participate in sporting activities against those who do not through a comparison of their social class backgrounds as represented by working middle class and upper middle class classifications to determine if any correlation exists. Chapter 2 – Literature Review Resnick et al (2006, p. 174), in â€Å"Screening for and Prescribing Exercise for Older Adults† advise that there is substantial scientific evidence that supports the benefits of exercise in maintaining â€Å"†¦ function, health, and overall quality of life for older adults. The article advises that physical activity represents â€Å"†¦ one of the greatest opportunities to extend †¦Ã¢â‚¬  an individual’s active as well as independent life and reduce the incidence of disability, and that regular physical activity by older adults are more likely to have better health (Resnick et al, 2006, pp. 174-182). In spite of the clear evidence of the preceding, most adults do not participate or engage in either sport or physical activity, and unfortunately the prescription of a regular physical regime is not yet a routine clinical practice (Resnick et al, 2006, pp. 174-182). The article went on to state that the best methodology via which to engage in a sport or ph ysical exercise is to first seek the aid of a physician to reach a determination of one’s present medical and physical state in order for a person to understand the types of activities they should / can engage in, as well as seeking help with a program to ease them into a proper regime. The Council of Europe (1993) defines sport as encompassing â€Å"†¦ all forms of physical activity †¦Ã¢â‚¬  which includes casual participation for which the aim of the activity is to improve â€Å"†¦ physical fitness and mental well-being †¦Ã¢â‚¬  along with the formation of social relationships and or obtaining competitive results. As such, the foregoing expands what one traditionally understands as the defintion of sport into a broader context that includes individual sport as well as fitness activities that include certain dance activities, and aerobics along with walking and cycling (Rowe et al, 2004). The Council of Europe’s (1993) definition includes informal and casual participation, along with the more serious club and professional pursuits (Rowe et al, 2004). The study conducted by Rowe et al (2004) defined participation as at least once a week in the activity, and found that the evidence collected indicated that the United Kingdom had moved t owards stagnation with regard to participation levels. The following chart reflects these findings: Table 1 – Sport, Game and Phyisical Activity Participation in the United Kingdom (Rowe et al, 2004) The preceding indicates the fluctuating levels of particpation occuring at the rate of at least one time a week over a four week period for the indicated periods. The following Table shows the foregoing, but excludes walking. Table 2 – Participation in Sports, Games and Physical Activity (Excludes walking) (Rowe et al, 2004) Social class differences explored in the study by Rowe et al (2004) showed a marked difference in sport participation between the highest and lowest social classifications, as one would expect owing to differences in the ability to spend time on pursuits as a result of disposable income and time, in addition to living closer to facilities and or having the transportation and or a circle of friends who also participate, thus making sport an increased part of their lifestyle. Table 3 – Differences in Social Class, Sport Participation 1987 – 1996 (Rowe et al, 2004) Table 4 – Projected Chanages in Number of Sport Participants between 1996 – 2026, Based on Trends Established 1990 – 1996 (Rowe et al, 2004) The total number of estimated particpants in varied sports activity is shown projected into the year 2026 in the above Table. The increased number is due to the rise of the number of people in these age groups as opposed to actual increased participation (Rowe et al, 2004). Older aged individuals, as shown by Tables 1 and 2 have significantly lower sport activity participation rates which to a large degree, as expressed in the study conducted by Rowe et al (2004), is due to reduced participation in their social group, aliments, lack of income, non-inclusion in their lifestyle as well as being uninformed that sport and exercise represent a healthful benefit that should be continued throughout an individual’s life. Thurston and Green (2004, pp. 379-387) support the previous contention of the development of more active lifestyles for older individuals, as does the Department of Health (1995) in their document â€Å"More People, More Active, More Often. Physical Activity in England†, and Department of Health douments in the years 1999, 2000, 2001 and 2002 that all make references to the overwhelming evidence that indicates that frequent and regular physical activity is beneficial to health. The foregoing includes an increased life expectancy, diabetes, control over obesity, reduction in coronary heart disease, positive health outcomes, increased mobility and coordination as well as other benefits (Thurston and Green, 2004, pp. 379-387). Studies have shown that even if an adult begins sport and exercise programs as late as 60 years of age they can improve their life expectancy by 1 to 2 years, however 40% of adults in the above 60 year age group do not partake in such a regime even if they were aware of the benefits (Thurston and Green, 2004, pp. 379-387). The understanding of the importance of the older generation as a part of the overall national profile as well as economic, health, medical and social system, the House of Lords published is document titled â€Å"Aging: Scientific Aspects†, in 2005 (House of Lords, 2005). The Report stated that the â€Å"†¦ economic implications of changing life expectancy are †¦ of great importance †¦Ã¢â‚¬ , with the â€Å"†¦ urgency of these matters †¦ â€Å"made plain from statistics that point out â€Å"†¦ for the first time the number of people in England and Wales aged 60 and over was greater than the number aged under 16† (House of Lords, 2005). When the figures for what is termed the ‘oldest old’, meaning individuals above the age of 85 are included, the implications are even more striking: Table 5 – Oldest Old Comparisons, UK and the World (House of Lords, 2005) The growth rate of the aging population in the United Kingdom is outstripping the global rate to the point whereby the UK is projected to reach a figure of 20% of its total population in 2020, fully thirty years before the global population will reach that figure, thus making the prospect of old age health an important one for the country. Table 6 – Life Expectancy, United Kingdom (House of Lords, 2005) The above Table indicates that the life expectancy in England is higher when counted alone. In examining the elderly sports participation rate for the older population in the United Kingdom utilizing social class distinctions, it is important equate the defining aspects of these groups. The following defines the preceding as found in the House of Lords document â€Å"Aging: Scientific Aspects†: Table 7 – Social Class Segments (House of Lords, 2005) Table 8 – Life Expectancy by Social Class (House of Lords, 2005) The preceding Table represented an aid in the later determination of social class and if this factor has any bearing, and or influence upon participation in carrying on sporting activities in later life. The House of Lord’s report on â€Å"Aging: Scientific Aspects† did indicate through the study of varied reports as well as consultations that it came to the conclusion, which is a consensus view, â€Å"†¦ that aging is caused by lifelong accumulation of molecular and cellular damage †¦Ã¢â‚¬  as opposed to the theory of a â€Å"†¦ rigid inner clock †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (House of Lords, 2005). Importantly, the ‘Report’ indicated that the process of aging â€Å"†¦ is more malleable than has been generally appreciated †¦Ã¢â‚¬  and that the â€Å"†¦ mechanisms governing health in old age †¦Ã¢â‚¬  are processes that are ongoing throughout the lives of individuals (House of Lords, 2005). In reference to the implications of this examination, the ‘Report’ â€Å"†¦ summarized what appears to be a consensus view †¦Ã¢â‚¬  regarding the key factors promoting good health as well as slowing down the ageing process as (House of Lords, 2005): physical activity; having a social role and function; good nutrition; absence of risk factors such as smoking and drinking to excess; and good mental health and well-being The ‘Report’ stressed that physical activity represents a ‘key’ facet of good health and â€Å"†¦ is the major modifiable influence on health in old age† (House of Lords, 2005). In making such a statement the ‘Report’ referred to ‘The Royal Society of Edinburgh’ which stated that exercise has been shown as being a critical factor in maintaining as well as modestly increasing bone density of adults, and more importantly can aid in the minimization of bone loss in older individuals (House of Lords, 2005). The overall ‘Report’ on â€Å"Aging: Scientific Aspects† provided key background information that proved helpful, with regard to general information, and indispensable with regard to demographic groups, exercise, and the government’s recognition of the importance of the issue as well as the specific and key identification of key points. With regard to sport, the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (2007a) aims to encourage wider sports participation, and in regard to the focus of this examination, to promote sport at the grassroots level, which has implications concerning facilities that the older generation either has available, and or needs (Department for Culture, Media and Sport, 2007b). In its Report â€Å"Where are we Now: The State of Sport Today†, it clarifies that the government does not run sport, but recognizes it as an important factor in the health, and well being of children, adults, and the older generation (Department for Culture, Media and Sport, 2007b). Overall, across all age and demographic groups, the United Kingdom ranks in the middle of the European Union in sports participation by the general public, as shown by the following: Table 9 – European Union General Population Sport Participation (In Percent) (Department for Culture, Media and Sport, 2007b) In terms of intensity, individuals in the United Kingdom participate in sports on a less regular basis, and with less intensity (Department for Culture, Media and Sport, 2007b). The last aspect does not have applicability with regard to older adults, however the former is a telling statistics concerning its bearing on older sports participation. Table 10 – UK Sport Participation (In percent) (Department for Culture, Media and Sport, 2007b) Rate of Intensity The following table indicates the rates of participation of residents in the UK. Table 11 – Competitive and Organized Sport Participation in the UK (Department for Culture, Media and Sport, 2007b) The ‘Report’ indicates participation rates among social economic groups varies, however it does not break out these statistics into age groups. Table 12 – UK General Population Sports Participation by Social Economic Group (Department for Culture, Media and Sport, 2007b) Table 13 – UK Sport Participation by Ethnic Minority (Department for Culture, Media and Sport, 2007b) Sport England (2005) undertook a study that systematically reviewed published and unpublished research studies regarding children, and adult reasons concerning participation as well as non-participation in sport, which this examination utilized to add to the other research and literature sources. An important facet that was identified in the study was one representing an individual’s personal appearance and proficiency levels. The preceding two aspects are generally overlooked factors that are a part of a person’s sport participation consideration. The very real concern of having an unfit body, being out of shape, not able to conduct certain aspects of sport participation performance on a level that could potentially lead to personal embarrassment, are very real concerns that could and do enter into dissuading individuals from participating in a sporting activity (Sport England, 2005). Facilities and availability are also factors that enter into the participation equation, along with costs. For example, the incidence of parks, walkways, golf, tennis, cricket, bicycle paths, gym facilities and the like are more likely to be located near to upper income neighbourhoods than lower income

Monasticism And Intellectual L Essays -- essays research papers

Religious and intellectual institutions underwent significant changes throughout the middle ages. In some cases, advances were made, and in others, there was a major decline. Through all of these times, the people of the middle ages learned what didn’t work, what did, and how to progress once they found what did work. The true form of monasticism in the western Christian church was founded by Saint Benedict of Nursia. He wrote the famous "Benedict’s Rule" between 520-530. The fundamentals of the rule was that each day was divided into a series of activities with an emphasis on prayer and manual labor. The monks would all gather together seven times each day for prayer. These were all male institutions, however, Benedict’s sister, Scholastica founded monasteries for women. Many of the texts we have today are with us because of monks. Beginning in the ninth century, the monks used scriptoria, or writing rooms, to copy different manuscripts. Between the sixth and tenth centuries, the monasteries experienced what one might call a moral decline. The purity and poverty which was the ideal for monks was being abandoned. Simony, the buying of clerical positions, was common, as was the practice of priests being married. In 910, Duke William of Aquataine wanted to do something t o correct this problem. He founded the abbey of Cluny, which was an independent monastery. Cluny was kept independent from any kind of secular control. It sought to brin...

Autobiography – personal writing

My real father died when I was a baby. Only photographs and faint memories help me recall who he was. I suppose I accepted Roy as my father, I suppose I was too young not to accept him but now as I look at his old waxy skin as he lies in his open coffin, I realise that I don't miss him. I haven't talked to my mother in years so Its been years since I needed him. He passed away two days ago from heart failure. My mother is a different story, she was stranded without him, Roy married my mother a year after my father died, Roy was my step-father. The day after the funeral was Monday, I am informed by my financial advisor that my stocks have doubled over the weekend, ordinarily this is good news on a Monday morning but the thought of my mother on her own in that old dusty flat while I stand in my blush office, annoys me. â€Å"Any bad news today? † I ask with caution, â€Å"No, everything is as good as it can be† he replies with a bright smile. I thanked him for cheering me up and he left with a nod as if to imply â€Å"don't mention it†. I leant over to turn on the T. V in my office, going to work on a Monday with nothing to work on, â€Å"Three dead in terrifying car crash† I don't usually watch T. V in work because I should have something to do or to help with, I own a company called ‘Earth-links' it's a telecoms company. I left and went home at about half past ten to sleep rather than sit in my office, although it looked like the middle of the night, it was clouded up with rain. We have interrupted this programming to show a special news bulletin† I woke up to see the screen disappear into a solid blue picture then the 6 o'clock news studio came on the screen and a small black haired woman appeared and said â€Å"People in the northern Ireland area are asked to stay indoors unless it is an emergency†, the drone which was the rain on the window pane drew my attention, I stood up and walked to the window to see distorted houses and street lights below me, it didn't look good and the rain wasn't ending any time soon. The TV blurred on behind me until I turned to focus my attention, â€Å"severe flooding† said the news presenter. Although it might have not been the perfect time for me I decided to go talk with my mother, for the first time in years. I haven't talked to my mother because we argued over years and so I left when I was 19. I went down to the south of Ireland with her and Roy to sort things out, but that didn't work. I am now 32 five years have passed since that. I finish up some microwave pasta and use the elevator to get to the car park, The good thing about a car park is that you don't get wet, not today. My car was parked beside the exit where some rain water had got into and had soaked my toes. I had ignored all the weather warnings and drove out into the street and the street of Belfast, the rain was so loud on the roof of the car I put on some music, it was about half past five and I rarely saw another vehicle. My mother lives in an old persons flat quite inland. On my way through the country I saw flooded fields and cars stuck in mud. I arrived in the doorway at six o' clock and pressed number 6 and got no answer, the doorway is not very sheltered and I am now soaked from the rain. I press the doorbell again, â€Å"hello† said a voice, â€Å"hello mum can you open the door its Aaron† I said â€Å"oh hello Aaron, come on in then† she replied, her voice was weary and tired, I think she was sleeping. The buzzer went and I rushed out of the rain and into the hallway. There were 2 doors and a set of stairs. My feet now felt like wrinkly prunes from my saturated shoes, it had been raining all day now very heavily. I leave the hallway and notice my dark footprints behind me, I walked up the twisted stairway, I cannot see how someone could survive in a place like this, I haven't seen anyone its like it is derelict. I get up to the 2nd floor to find my mother standing at her door, â€Å"hi mum† I said before she noticed me, â€Å"Aaron, why have you come† she said, â€Å"look I just don't want you feeling real bad about yourself. I want to make things up with you† I said abruptly, â€Å"come inside† she said as she turned to go inside. The smell of tea and unclean furniture hit me like a slap to the face, I sat on the couch looking at the framed photographs of Roy and my mother, there was one of me, I was at the zoo with my sister and Roy, the clash of plates and cups awoke me from my daydream, â€Å"sugar? my mother asked, â€Å"yea, thanks† I said. I took a sip of my tea, it soothed my dry throat. â€Å"mum, I am really sorry for the last 10 or so years, I have been really stupid, I realised yesterday that I should have enjoyed Roys life while I could instead of ignoring you and him. I think I have just held on to bad things I shouldn't have. Can you forgiv e me† I said waiting for an answer. â€Å"Aaron, I was being the silly one not you, Roy told me so after that holiday to Ireland, I was down right rude† she said as she fiddled with here necklace. A good start I thought, we went on chatting about the good times we had together when I was a child, it wasn't until eight o' clock I went to leave. I walked back down the stairs smiling at what I had accomplished; my right foot was wet, I looked down and saw that the last few steps were covered in water and rising, the rain had flooded into the flats and was just below knee depth. I stood there for a while and decided to get to my car. I ran down through the hallway and out the door, out side wasn't as bad, I ran to my car through the dark rain, I couldn't see much but I got to my car which was parked not to far away but the street was flooded very severely, there was no way I was getting home. I ran back to the flats and the door was still open. I ran to the stairs and walked to the flat again I went inside and explained to my mother â€Å"its really flooded out there†, my mother replied † oh dear what shall you do†, I then said † do you mind if I sleep here† my mother said â€Å"oh not at all we'll sort something out†. I sat and watched the TV until 11 while my mother went to her bed quite early, the television was boring but it passed the time. Three days passed, it stopped raining on the 2nd day my mother and I really bonded through the days surviving on what she had in the dusty cupboards. The rain had mostly evaporated after one day and I went to my car. I drove back through the country past soaked and some still very flooded spots. I got home later that day to find everything as I had left it. The only difference was that I felt new and had straightened my life out with my mother. I have realised, I am happy.

Discuss the dramatic significance of Feste in Twelfth Night

â€Å"Feste is an observer. He sees through people. Though he's a kind of entertainer, who will only perform for money, what he chooses to sing to people is intentionally relevant. People find the truth very hard to deal with: ‘†¦Peace, you rogue†¦here comes my lady'. This story shows people avoiding the truth at every level; Feste's insight† Ben Kingsley on Feste: Twelfth Night by Trevor Nunn Fool. Clown. Words incessantly linked to someone who isn't taken seriously. This is the case with Feste. For example, ‘fool' in King Lear was constantly being threatened with hangings and beatings, but this was only as he was a ‘witty fool'. Again, with Feste in Twelfth Night, who also is threatened with hangings, due to his absence. Feste doesn't fear this threat, and in fact makes a joke of it; mocking Maria and using a sexual pun at the same time, e.g. ‘many a good hanging prevents a bad marriage' This confidence comes from the fact that it wasn't their job to simply provide amusement, but to also make critical comments and provide advice, as Olivia asks him: ‘What's a drunken man like, fool?' and since he is an ‘allowed fool' he was able to say what he thinks, without fear of punishment: ‘there's no slander in an allowed fool'. Feste and Olivia have the most personal relationship, as Feste knew her father. Olivia uses Feste as a friend, advisor and joker. She says ‘Take the fool away†¦y'are a dry fool', signalling she has no use for him as he cant amuse her, but accepts him when he is humorous, ‘†¦doth he not mend?' She seeks out ‘What's a drunken man like fool?' and once answered, she immediately acts on it: ‘Go thou and seek†¦' Feste is connected only to Olivia's household. The audience are told ‘Lady Olivia's father took much delight in him' and after a long journey, it is her household that he retreats to, and her reference to his ‘fooling growing old' gives the impression of him being around for a long time-a time for which they have been friends. Read this – Puns in the Importance But he also has the ability to distance himself from everyone, such as ‘living by the tabor': unsociable, and the way he speaks; ‘I go†¦' ‘I will', ‘I can yield'- he doesn't need assistance. Moreover, he is constantly mocking people with puns and soliloquy-playing the part of the fool-but his interaction is again limited by the way he is always exiting scenes- 1:v, 3:i and 2:iv. As well as being comic, Feste is probably the most perceptive character in the play. He comments on people in ways other characters over look, whether be their appearance or their ‘mind'. For example, in Act ii: iv, he point blank tells Orsino what he thinks of him, saying his ‘mind is very opal' and ‘the tailor make thy doublet of changeable taffeta' (a silk which changes colour). The joke here is Feste telling Orsino that he is very fickle and has a very changeable mood, so changeable that he should have matching clothes. These mood changes echoes lines, ‘Enough; no more†¦' where Orsino sings to us of his love sickness. Feste goes on to say that he is so changeable that he would sail around the world to justify purposeless busyness and courage. Feste hardly knows Orsino, who in turn scarcely knows Feste, but for Feste to cast this view shows his perceptiveness. This view is so accurate, that it leads Orsino to make Cesario go to Olivia's and tell her that his love is ‘more noble than the world'. Furthermore, he suspiciously notices Viola, and is the only one to start suspecting her, ‘send thee a beard' he says, hinting that he knows of her ‘such disguise'. Feste's perception was reinforced in Trevor Nunn's production of Twelfth Night, where- at the end of the play- Feste gives Viola a necklace, A necklace she abandoned in Act 1:ii -on the seacoast, showing he has always known of Viola's situation and was always playing along, again showing his nature. Feste's Language: The sophisticated way Feste speaks allows him to climb the social ladders of Illyria and be able to talk with Lord Orsino, Sir Toby and Fabian. Which becomes significant when he is able to get himself out of situations or even to make other people react, which may otherwise be tricky and use his language skills to make mockery. Such as the ‘the more fool, Madonna, to mourn for your brothers soul†¦' This scene is the first with Feste, and he has proved to the audience that he is nowhere near being a ‘fool'. So far from it, in fact he has proven someone of a higher social status to be one! This echoes the quote ‘there is no slander in an allowed fool': that- even though Olivia is in mourning for her brother and father- fools would be allowed to make these daring jokes. However, Feste has proved two things here, the first is that he is not ‘dry' and the second that he can provide the humour if is someone does ‘minister occasion to him' or invites him to ‘make that good'. Another key figure of Feste's language is his uses of Latin. The few times he talks and refers in Latin are in the presence Olivia or Orsino, again proving his versatility of talking appropriately with people and it also demonstrating his education to the audience. All his Latin sayings convey messages. For example, the first to Olivia: ‘cucullus non facit monachum', referring to an overriding theme in the play; don't judge by outward appearances, prepares her for his foolery. Another Latin reference is to Orisino in Act 5. ‘Primo, secundo, terito is a good play†¦' although simply begging for a third coin he does it in such a manner, that he deserves it. Feste's songs do hold a dramatic function, which change depending on the scene: they hold meaning and are sung for a reason. Such as when Feste asks, ‘would you have a love song or a song of good life?' The choice reflects the audiences' and the characters' mood at this current moment in the play, or as he said in his final song ‘†¦And we'll strive to please you every day.' Feste's songs seem to have a significant meaning, either used to create dramatic effects or represent/ echo his feelings about a situation in a scene. In Act 2, Feste sings ‘Come away, Come away, death†¦', a melancholy song to Orsino about a lover who dies for love, which echoes Orsino's mood and his situation. The listener can read into this as Orsino being the lover and Olivia being the ‘maid', making sense as the lover is ‘slain'. The words that are used mirror what Orsino has already said, such as ‘My part†¦share it' hold similar meaning to that in ‘If music be the food of love†¦' Orsino then immediately acts on the song and tells Viola/ Cesario to go to Olivia's. This is one example of the role of Feste; do we value what he says or laugh at what he says? Orsino valued what he said (we know this as he sends Viola to go to Olivia and tell her ‘that nature pranks her in attracts my soul not her money'). However, after the song is finished, Feste casts a point blank insight of Orsino, which creates tension, especially with the use of words like ‘corpse', ‘pain' and ‘†¦bones shall be thrown'; words that are associated with death. Causing a melancholy atmosphere in the scene. It's as if the song(s) introduced the sadness, and set the way for Orsino and Viola to discuss love, ‘Our shows†¦will' and ‘pang of heart'. Here's a good example of the dramatic significance of Feste- creating tension. With the next scene starting in comedy, the drama in each scene seems heightened due to the immense contrast. Feste's appearance in the play is held off until act 1:iv. His contribution to the play is revealed through: â€Å"Wit, an't be thy will†¦a foolish wit†. Indicating Feste's presence is not merely comic relief through foolish acts and show that the role of the fool requires much intelligence, or being a ‘wise man', ‘a church man' or someone has all their wits about them: ‘I wear not motley in my brain'. Feste's most significant song comes at the end. He is left alone on stage to sing it- that seems unusual as he's always sung for people. The situation might echo his actual feelings present in the song: loneliness, toleration, and rejection. In Trevor Nunn's version, the song was evidently melancholy which I felt this was a good insight as it draws a logical link to pathetic fallacy: ‘the rain it raineth every day' and ‘wind'. The sense of journey through the song is reinforced with links of Viola and Sebastian's journey- which ends in ‘lovers meeting' The meaning of this epilogue suggests that every person goes through life, with its vicissitudes, but he/she must remember that ‘it raineth every day' or there is always unpredictability. Feste's contribution to the themes of love is essential to the understanding of the play's messages. The clown's most profound comments often take the form of song: ‘O mistress mine, where are you roaming?†¦Youth's a stuff will not endure.' It's in this song where we could possibly see Feste uncovering Viola and dictating the whole play. ‘Trip no further, pretty sweeting;' where the ‘pretty sweeting' may be Viola, and the ‘wise man's son' is Feste. If this is so, then it suggests that Viola-Orsino may end up as ‘lovers'. This song is performed due to the requests of Sir Toby for a â€Å"love-song†, which plays on the events of Twelfth Night itself by echoing the cheerfulness of this play and how the uncertainty of ‘what's to come' shouldn't be a negative prospect as ‘in delay there lies no plenty'. Feste foresees events that will occur later in the play, when he speaks of journeys ending â€Å"in lovers meeting,† he hints at the resolution in which characters are married. At the end of the play, Shakespeare provides an epilogue, like other plays, such as A Midsummer Night's Dream and All's Well That Ends Well. However, unlike these, Feste sings it. The song is about Feste growing up, about being tolerating in childhood, rejected in adult hood, unsuccessful in marriage and drunk in old age†¦but nothing really matters, the actors will always try and please- talking directly to the audience. A slight re-iteration of the song: ‘What is love†¦youth's a stuff will not endure', telling the audience that we should enjoy the present because the futures is as unpredictable as the weather: it could be good e.g. Viola-Orsino and Sebastian-Olivia, or it could be terrible e.g. Malvolio. Feste's ability to gain gender specific favour is distinct when encouraging Sir Toby to indulge in ridiculing Malvolio: ‘O no, no, no, no, you dare not' (where an Elizabethan audience would of received ‘no, no, no, no' and ‘yes, yes') -no matter their social status. The reiterating it: ‘four negatives makes your two affirmatives'. His sexual puns, such as ‘he that is well hung†¦' would have gone down well with the men too. Feste can use word play, or puns, at specific points in the play to make the audience laugh or even add to the tension so far. A good example is in Feste's first scene: ‘he that is well hanged in this world needs to fear no colours'. The first interpretation of this pun is the word ‘colours' which can mean enemy or war. So, logically, someone who is already dead can't fear. However, an Elizabethan audience could have heard it as ‘collars' (hangmen's nooses) so they don't fear them. The Elizabethans enjoyed such punning jokes, and with Maria threatening Feste with death, and then Feste making the whole audience laugh, the dramatic significance of Feste is apparent. The role of Feste: Feste's intuition is comparable only to the perception of Viola. As both characters are involved in both houses (Orsino's and Olivia's) they rival each other in their knowledge and putting their wits against each other. Namely Act 3:i, where, they both delight in using word play, ‘a sentence is but a cheveril glove to a good wit-‘ and later Viola saying ‘I understand you sir', showing him that she is just as clever. Viola seems to be the only character that recognises Feste's true intelligence: â€Å"This fellow is wise enough to play the fool†¦quite taint their wit†. Exhibiting Viola's awareness of Feste's ability to read people in order to say the right thing at the right time. Through this keen observation by Viola, she is acknowledging that may seen through her own disguise. Although Feste never openly claims to know of Viola's deceptive dress, it is indicated that he might be on to her: â€Å"Now Jove†¦send thee a beard†. Feste's ability to control the audience becomes apparent wherever Shakespeare wanted to portray thoughts or morals, as he would make Feste tell the audience puns or songs. In Act 1:v, he says: â€Å"many a good hanging prevents a bad marriage† communicates as if you are well ‘hung' then you need not love, and if we look back, to Act 1, the Latin quote refers directly to how Shakespeare felt- therefore reinforcing Shakespeare's values. Therefore, it is possible that Feste was the voice of Shakespeare, and if Shakespeare wanted to make the audience happy, for dramatic effect or other, then he might use Feste to sing a song, When Feste says lines 359-354 in Act 5:i, he quotes the things that Malvolio has said, and a feeling of ‘what goes around comes around' is created. The putting down of Malvolio would of been particularly enjoyed by the audience, because of his puritan no-fun nature, and therefore have a very comical affect for them. The plot in Twelfth Night is convoluted. So fools might of been used in this play; to underline and reinforce important parts of the plot for the audience, and make their songs and folly draw parallels to the play. In Twelfth Night, Feste sings to Malvolio ‘†¦She loves another'. Feste has seen through Malvolio and knows of his affection for Olivia, and crudely tells him there is no likelihood for him, moreover, he already must know of Olivia's affections for Viola. The fool in ‘King Lear' informs King Lear of the goings behind his back, where he is oblivious to them, but even though he is informing the king, the audience may of also received the message. Conclusion: The ‘Twelfth Night' was known as the â€Å"Feast of Fools†, which is very similar to â€Å"Feste the Fool†. Making it extremely significant, as the Feast of Fools was a time where a â€Å"Lord of Ridicule† was appointed. An Elizabethan audience would of received this (intentional) similarity and therefore see Feste as this Lord of Ridicule. If Feste were this lord, then he would become the master of the household, for this short holiday period, and organise dances, folly, pranks and deceptions, in order to entertain the rest of the household. If which case, it would explain Feste's songs, drunkenness and of course dressing up as Sir Topas- all roles similar to that of a fool. Ironically, Feste is the only person not to be seen as the fool. Olivia is the fool, as she has fallen in love with a woman, Orisino is seen the fool, because Viola has tricked him into thinking she is a man. Sir Andrew comes across as the fool because of his foolish remarks, like taking the word ‘ass' literally and believing ‘Pigrogromitus'. Malvolio is the fool for dressing up in ‘yellow†¦cross-gartered' stockings In conclusion, what makes the audience happy is the same thing as that which makes them sad, and Feste accomplishes this flawlessly. With his irony, puns, soliloquy, his songs and criticisms- he directs the play in a moving omniscient manner.

Overview of TMV essays

Overview of TMV essays The tobacco mosaic virus, or as it is usually referred to, TMV, is a common pathogen of many crops including bean, tobacco, and tomato. The virus is known to produce systematic infections in its hosts by spreading throughout the organism from the initial site of entry (usually an injury) via the vascular tissues. In the case of the tomato plant, it does its damage by causing numerous small lesions to form on the surface of an infected plant leaves, thereby interfering with the organisms photosynthetic mechanisms. All multi-cellular organisms will attempt to resist a pathogen with some form of immune response. When exposed, organisms can quickly produce natural resistance compounds and antibiotic-like compounds. Depending on the degree of exposure, the age, and general health of the organism, it will either produce a weak response and fail to prevent the disease from spreading, or it will produce a strong response and develop what is known as Systematic Acquired Resistance, or SAR. Researchers believe that SAR creates a generalized barrier against the invading disease that essentially immunizes the plant against it. There are two methods used to develop SAR in plants. The first is by deliberate weak exposure of a pathogen, which works in the same fashion as the animal immune system. Inducing a small amount of a virus such as TMV to the lower leaves of tomato plants can cause the remainder of the plant to become immune to further infection. This is referred to as the traditional vaccination method. An excellent example that you can all relate to that demonstrates this property is the chicken pox vaccine, which exposes a person to a small amount of the virus. The body can fight off this weakened form and become resistant to it. If this person were to then be exposed to a full strain of the virus, the body would be able to instantly recognize it, and destroy the virus. ...

Consumers Perceptions of Global and Local Brands Dissertation

Consumers Perceptions of Global and Local Brands - Dissertation Example For consumers, the global reputation provides a more satisfying element and they find to spend some extra money worthy for global brand whereas for companies, global brands enhances market share, market position, and customer base with a push in the profits. With the increase of more and more global brands and the expansion of global brands in different parts of the world, customers are in different parts of the world are looking to buy more global brands. Customers perceive that the quality of the products offered by global brands are far more in comparison to the quality of the products offered by different local firms and therefore they are more inclined to buy products that are available globally rather than only in the local region. The preference of global brands over local brands have increased rapidly in developing countries as well within the consumer goods industry, people from developing countries find global consumer brands more trustworthy and environmental friendly than local brands. This has allowed multinational companies to expand their operations in the developing countries and gain huge profits from this diverse market. There are several factors that influence the buying decision of an individual and the marketing managers of global brands identify and analyse these factors and then by focusing on these factors they are able to win the battle against different local brands available in different parts of the world.

Letter format Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Letter format - Assignment Example In response to your letter dated August 3 regarding the reported turntable of the Justrite microwave oven which broke shortly right after the expiration of the warranty period, please accept our sincerest apologies for the inconvenience it could have caused you in any way. As a policy, our company is more than willing to check on the status of your microwave oven at the soonest possible time to verify the cause of the problem. In the meantime, a replacement unit would be provided for your use while the unit is being repaired, if needed. We would be glad to accommodate you complaint despite the lapse of the warranty period since our priority is to keep our customers satisfied. In fact, the Justrite microwave oven you purchased has been rated â€Å"best in its class† and â€Å"most reliable† by the Consumers Count magazine. The recent survey of selected purchases revealed that 98.5% of first time purchasers of Justrite ovens are pleased to have chosen our products and pledged to buy others of the same